(Re)Positioning Myself: Female and Black in Canada

Author:

Naila Keleta-Mae

Cited Authors:
  • Abbas, Nuzhat - Dionne's Brand of Writing
  • Anghie, Antony - Colonialism and the Birth of International Institutions: Sovereignty, Economy, and the Mandate System of the League of Nations
  • AnzaldĂșa, Gloria - Speaking In Tongues: A Letter to 3rd World Women Writers
  • Appadurai, Arjun - Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy
  • Bakare-Yusuf, Bibi - The Economy of Violence: Black Bodies and the Unspeakable Terror
  • Bambara, Toni Cade - The Salt Eaters
  • Behar, Ruth - The Vulnerable Observer
  • Belvett, Naila [Keleta-Mae] - stuck.
  • Benston, Kimberly W. - Prologue: Performing Blackness
  • Biemann, Ursula - Performing the Border: on gender, transnational bodies, and technology
  • bissett, bill and Adeena Karasick - Shards of Light
  • Bobb-Smith, Yvonne - "We Get Troo...": Caribbean Canadian Women's Spirituality as a Strategy of Resistance
  • Brand, Dionne - A Map to the Door of No Return: Notes to Belonging
  • Brand, Dionne - At the Full and Change of the Moon
  • Breon, Robin - The Growth and Development of Black Theatre in Canada: A Starting Point
  • Broox, Klyde - Gestures of the Dancing Voice: Reloading the Can(n)on Under the Influence of Dub
  • Butler, Judith - Performative Acts and Gender Constitution
  • Caponi, Gena Dagel - Signijyin(g), Sanctifyin' & Slam Dunking: A Reader in African American Expressive Culture
  • Christian, Barbara - The Race for Theory
  • Clarke, George Elliot - Contesting a model blackness: A meditation on African-Canadian African Americanism, or the structures of African Canadianite.
  • Clarke, George Elliot - Must All Blackness Be American? Locating Canada in Borden's Tightrope Time or Nationalizing Gilroy's The Black Atlantic
  • Collins, Patricia Hill - The Meaning of Motherhood in Black Culture and Black Mother/Daughter Relationships
  • Collins, Patricia Hill - Toward an Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology
  • Collins, Patricia Hill - Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
  • Collins, Patricia Hill - Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism
  • Collins, Patricia Hill - From Black Power to Hip Hop: Racism, Nationalism, and Feminism
  • Combahee River Collective - A Black Feminist Statement
  • Cooper, Afua - The Hanging of Angelique: the Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal
  • Cowan, T. L. - Ed. Spoken Word Performance. Spec, issue of Canadian Theatre Review
  • Crenshaw, Kimberle Williams - Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics
  • Davies, Carole Boyce - Recovering the Radical Black Female Subject: Anti-Imperialism, Feminism, and Activism
  • Davies, Carole Boyce and Fido, Elaine Savory - Women and Literature in the Caribbean: An Overview
  • Davis, Andrea - Diaspora, Citizenship and Gender: Challenging the Myth of the Nation in African Canadian Women's Literature
  • Davis, Andrea - Sex and the Nation: Performing Black Female Sexuality in Canadian Theatre
  • Davis, Angela Yvonne - Meaning of Freedom
  • Davis, Angela Yvonne - "Strange Fruit": Music and Social Consciousness
  • Dicker/sun, Glenda - Festivities and Jubilations on the Graves of the Dead: Sanctifying sullied space
  • Dickson, Bruce D. Jr. - The 'John and Old Master' Stories and the World of Slavery: A Study in Folktales and History.
  • Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt - The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches
  • Duncan, Margot - Autoethnography: Critical Appreciation of an Emerging Art.
  • Dussel, Enrique - From the Invention to the Discovery of the New World
  • Dyson, Michael Eric - Be Like Mike? Michael Jordan and the Pedagogy of Desire
  • Ebron, Paulla; Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt - In Dialogue? Reading Across Minority Discourses
  • Elam, Harry J. Jr. - The Black Performer and the Performance of Blackness.
  • Ellis, C. - Heartful Autoethnography.
  • Eng, David L. and Kazanjian, David - Introductioa Loss: The Politics of Mourning
  • Fanon, Frantz - The Fact of Blackness
  • Fanon, Frantz - National Culture
  • Filewod, Alan - "From twisted history": Reading Angelique.
  • Fleetwood, Nicole - Excess Flesh: Black Women Performing Hypervisibility.
  • Flynn, Thomas - Existentialism in the 21st Century
  • Fusco, Coco - The Bodies That Were Not Ours
  • Gale, Lorena - Angelique
  • Gibran, Khalil - On Children.
  • Gibson, Nigel - Fanon, Marx, and the New Reality of the Nation: Black Political Empowerment and the Challenge of a New Humanism in South Africa
  • Gilman, Sander - The Hottent and the Prostitute: Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality
  • Goldman, Marlene - Mapping the Door of No Return: Deterritorialization and the Work of Dionne Brand
  • Gomez-Pena, Guillermo - The New Global Culture: Somewhere between Corporate Multiculturalism and Mainstream Bizarre (a border perspective).
  • Hassim, Shireen - Contesting Ideologies: Feminism and Nationalism
  • Henderson, Mae Gwendolyn - Speaking in Tongues: Dialogics, Dialectics, and the Black Woman Writer's Literary Tradition
  • Holt, Grace Sims - Stylin' Outta the Black Pulpit
  • hooks, bell - Ain't IA Woman: Black Women and Feminism
  • hooks, bell - The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectatorship
  • hooks, bell - naked without a shame: a counter-hegemonic body politic
  • Hope, Donna P. - Inna di Dancehall: Popular Culture and the Politics of Identity in Jamaica
  • Hurston, Zora Neale - How It Feels to Be Colored Me
  • Hussain, Nasser - Consuming Language: Embodiment in the Performance Poetry of bpNichol and Steve McCaffery.
  • Insell, Celeste - Defining an aesthetic: African Canadian playwrights in Vancouver.
  • Jaworski, Adam - The Power of Silence: Social and Pragmatic Perspectives
  • Johnson, Patrick E. - Appropriating Blackness: Performance and the Politics of Authenticity
  • Kafka, Franz - In the Penal Colony
  • Keleta-Mae, Naila - Contemporary Social Justice Theatre: Finding, Sharing, Healing
  • Kellough, Kaie - info for your conference discussion yo!
  • Lacan, Jacques - The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experience.
  • Lorde, Audre - Zami: A New Spelling of my Name
  • Lorde, Audre - The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House
  • Lorde, Audre - Eye to Eye: Black Women, Hatred, and Anger
  • Madison, D. Soyini - Staging Fieldwork/Performing Human Rights.
  • Madison, D. Soyini - Introduction. The Woman That I Am: The Literature and Culture of Contemporary Women of Color
  • McClaurin, Irma - Theorizing a Black Feminist Self in Anthropology: Toward an Autoethnographic Approach
  • McClintock, Anne - Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest
  • McKittrick, Katherine - Nothing's Shocking: Black Canada
  • Methot, Suzanne - She's a wanderer: Dionne Brand has returned home to Toronto with a new novel, and a new outlook.
  • Minh-ha, Trinh - Difference: "A Special Third World Women Issue"
  • Moraga, Cherrie and Anzaldua, Gloria - This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color
  • Moynagh, Maureen - African-Canadian Theatre: An Introduction
  • Moynagh, Maureen - The Melancholic Structure of Memory in Dionne Brand's At the Full and Change of the Moon.
  • Munoz, Jose Esteban - Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics
  • Neal, Larry - The Black Arts Movement
  • Oxford English Dictionary -
  • Parks, Suzan-Lori - Venus: A Play
  • Petropoulos, Jacqueline - Performing African Canadian Identity: Diasporic Reinvention in Afrika Solo.
  • Publicity materials - from 2001 workshop production of stuck.
  • Reed-Danahay, D. - Auto/ethnography: Rewriting the self and the social
  • Richardson, Karen and Green, Steven - T-Dot Griots: An anthology of Toronto's Black Storytellers
  • Roach, Joseph R. - Slave Spectacles and Tragic Octoroons: A Cultural Genealogy of Antebellum Performance.
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  • Rose, Tricia - "Fear of a Black Planet: Rap Music and Black Cultural Politics in the 1990s".
  • Roy, Arundhati - Arundhati Roy on India, Iraq, US Empire and Dissent.
  • Leslie Sanders and Rinaldo Walcott - At the full and change of CanLit: an interview with Dionne Brand.
  • Sandoval, Chela - Revolutionary Force: Connecting Desire to Reality.
  • Scott, James C. - Voice Under Domination: The Arts of Political Disguise.
  • Sears, Djanet - nOTES oF a COLOURED gIRL
  • Sears, Djanet - Introduction. Testifyin': Contemporary African Canadian Drama
  • Sears, Djanet - The Adventures of a Black Girl in Search of God
  • Siklosi, Kate - Word and Silence 'condemned to together':Body S/Place and M. NourbeSe Philip's Balancing Act
  • Smith, Anna Deavere - Fires in the Mirror: Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and Other Identities
  • Spillers, Hortense - Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe: An American Grammar Book
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty - Subaltern Studies: Deconstructing Historiography
  • Benz, Spragga - Jack It Up.
  • Stanton, Victoria and Tinguely, Vincent - Impure: Reinventing the Word: The Theory, practice, and Oral History of 'Spoken Word' in Montreal
  • Statistics Canada - Canada's Ethnocultural Mosaic, 2006 Census: Highlights.
  • Statistics Canada - Canada's Ethnocultural Mosaic, 2006 Census: Canada's major census metropolitan areas.
  • Torgovnick, Marianna - Defining the Primitive/Reimagining Modernity
  • van Fossen, Rachael - Interviewed by Naila Keleta-Mae
  • Walcott, Rinaldo - Pedagogy and Trauma: The Middle Passage, Slavery, and the Problem of Creolization
  • Walcott, Rinaldo - Dramatic Instabilities: Diasporic Aesthetics as a Question for and about Nation
  • Walker, Alice - In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens
  • Wallace, Michele - The Myth of the Superwoman
  • Williams, Patricia J. - On Being the Object of Property
  • Willis, Deborah - Black Venus 2010: They Called Her "Hottentot"
  • Wynter, Sylvia - Beyond Miranda's Meanings: Un/silencing the 'Demonic Ground' of Caliban's 'Woman'
  • Young, Harvey - The Black Body as Souvenir in American Lynching.
Abstract:

Over the years I have learned that occupying a female black body in contemporary Canada produces a relationship of suspicion with the world, one that constantly queries the premise of each interaction in an attempt to parse apart the extent to which sex and/or race have defined its parameters and outcomes. The particularities of Canada's politics of sex and race are generally referred to as exemplary by disseminators of dominant discourse, and divisive by those without access to dominant epistemological modes.

The central objective of this dissertation, (Re)Positioning Myself: Female and Black in Canada, is to pursue the following under-examined line of inquiry: What do substantive contemplations of public and private performances of female blackness in Canada reveal about sex, race and nation? This dissertation asserts that those of us who inhabit bodies viewed by dominant culture as female and black constantly perform someone else's fantasies and/or our own in the public and private spaces that constitute our everyday lives. The conditions that necessitate this way of being are what I theorize in my dissertation as perpetual performance. I map this interplay of query, assertion and theory through my body and my experiences of female blackness, which makes me not only the writer of this dissertation, but also its primary subject.

This dissertation draws from performance, feminist and critical race studies, political science, literary criticism, as well as my creative writing, personal experience and lived experience. In particular it considers the artistic and intellectual insights of: Antony Anghie, Gloria Anzaldua, Gerald Belvett, Mae Belvett, Dionne Brand, Patricia Hill Collins, Andrea Davis, Harry J. Elam Jr., Frantz Fanon, Donna P. Hope, bell hooks, Audre Lorde, D. Soyini Madison, Anne McClintock, Jose Esteban Munoz, Samuel West, Patricia J. Williams and Sylvia Wynter. My central contention is that a deeply imaginative space is revealed when those of us read as female and black in Canada (re)position our relationship with our bodies to this is who I perform from this is who I am.

Acknowledgements:

I would like to thank my doctoral committee: my supervisor, the late Dr. Lisa Wolford Wylam, my second reader, Dr. Leslie Sanders, and my third reader, Dr. Andrea Davis. Thank you for providing the intellectual insights and creative space that this research and writing needed. I appreciate the unwavering support, mentorship and friendship that you have offered me. I would also like to thank my extended dissertation defence committee for illuminating comments and questions: Dr. Marlis Schweitzer, Dr. Gail Vanestone and Dr. Ric Knowles.

I would like to thank Dr. Anna Agathangelou, Melanie Bennett, Dawn Bramadat, Dr. T.L. Cowan, Dr. Kate Eichhorn, Saul Garcia Lopez, Anna Griffith, Kate Hennessy, Kaie Kellough, Christine Korte, Dr. Laura Levin, Jean O'Hara, Mary Pecchia, Diane Roberts, Don Rubin, Djanet Sears, Vincent Tinguely and Dr. Shannon Walsh for valuable courses, conversations, advocacy and/or advice during my doctoral studies. Thank you to the faculty and students in the MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts program at Goddard College. It was a privilege to teach and learn with you. Thank you to the graduate students I took courses with and the undergraduate students I taught at York University, your questions and perspectives informed my own. I would also like to thank the various committee members who determined that my doctoral research warranted a Canada Graduate Scholarship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, Ontario Graduate Scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities and York Graduate Scholarship.

I would like to thank my friends and family for lovingly including me in their communities: Jehane Adam, the Belvett Family, the Eccleston Family, the Graham- Afriyie Family, the Gomez-Jones Family, the Jennings-Okoye Family, the McCalla Family, the McFarlane Family, the Patiy-St-Juste Family, the Promesse-Samuels Family, Monica Rosas, the Francis-Simpson Family, the Terrelonge Family and the West Family. I would especially like to thank my parents Mae and Gerald Belvett, my sister Dr. Gail Belvett, my mother-in-law Martina McCalla and my sister-friend Chilandre Patry for the laughter, cooked food, words of encouragement and other gracious displays of love that you always offer me. To my husband Robert McCalla, thank you for your steadfast love, your tremendous support, your rousing intellect and the gift of our beloved child. It is an enormous relief and immense joy to navigate this complex world with you.